Link Aggregation See here for the details. The bonded device inherits attributes from the first slave device. All slave devices should have same speed and duplex. You can follow this presentation for an example of how to configure the router as a DUT.
Though not present in the above output, measuring latency and jitter is possible! Estimate of number of L4 ports sockets used per client IP. In this scenario, it is useful for all numbers displayed by TRex to be multiplied by this factor, so that TRex counters will match the DUT counters.
The following is a simple example helpful for understanding how TRex works. The example uses the TRex simulator. This simulator can be run on any Cisco Linux including on the TRex itself. TRex simulates clients and servers and generates traffic based on the pcap files provided. In basic usage, TRex does not wait for an initiator packet to be received. The response packet will be triggered based only on timeout IPG in this example.
In advanced scenarios for example, NAT , the first packet of the flow will be processed by TRex and initiate the response packet only when a packet is received. Consequently, it is necessary to process the template pcap file offline and ensure that there is enough round-trip delay RTT between client and server packets. Take a look at: astf-sim for fixing pcaps Another approach is to change the yaml ipg field to a high enough value bigger than 10msec.
Use the following to display the output as a chart, with: x axis: time seconds y axis: flow ID The output indicates that there are 10 flows in 1 second, as expected, and the IPG is 50 msec. Note the gap in the second flow generation. This is an expected schedular artifact and does not have an effect. In this example, the IPG was taken from the pcap file, which is closer to 20 msec and not 50 msec taken from the configuration file.
In this case there is only one client so only ports are used to distinc the flows you need to be sure that you have enogth free sockets when running TRex in high rates.
See the following example. SFR traffic includes a combination of traffic templates. This traffic mix in the example below was defined by SFR France. The traffic was recorded from a Spirent C with a Pagent that introduce 10msec delay from client and server side. TRex commands typically include the following main arguments, but only -f is required.
With this feature you can "repeat" flows and create stateless, IXIA like streams. After injecting the number of flows defined by limit , TRex repeats the same flows.
If all templates have limit the CPS will be zero after some time as there are no new flows after the first iteration. The -p is used here to send the client side packets from both interfaces. Normally it is sent from client ports only. With this option, the port is selected by the client IP. All the packets of a flow are sent from the same interface. PBR router configuration solves this issue but cannot be used in all cases.
So use this -p option carefully. This configuration file creates flows that will be repeated as follows: f1 , f2 , f3 …. It is possible to mix stateless templates and stateful templates. Currently, there is one global IP pool for clients and servers. It serves all templates.
All templates will allocate IP from this global pool. It is required when the number of clients is very small and the template defines a very long duration. For example, with four ports, we would have get the following ip range is :.
When using -p option, TRex will not comply with the static route rules. Server-side traffic may be sent from the client side port 0 and vice-versa. If you use the -p option, you must configure policy based routing to pass all traffic from router port 1 to router port 2, and vice versa. VLAN feature does not comply with static route rules. Limitation: When using template with plugins bundles , the number of servers must be higher than the number of clients.
This 3-tuple should be distinct among active flows. Currently, only sequential distribution is supported in IP allocation. This means the IP address is increased by one for each flow. For example, if we have a pool of two IP addresses: The above formulas can be used to calculate the PPS.
The TRex throughput depends on the PPS calculated above and the value of m a multiplier given as command line argument -m. The m value is a multiplier of total pcap files CPS. CPS of pcap file is configured on yaml file. The BPS depends on the packet size. This option measures latency and jitter. This is particulary usefull if your DUT drops traffic from outside, and you need to open pin hole to get the outside traffic in for example when testing a firewall.
The command output of the t-rex utility with latency stats enabled looks similar to the following:. One useful application of this can be in a lab setup where you have one TRex and many DUTs, and you want to test a different DUT on each run, without changing cable connections. This feature converts asymmetric traffic to symmetric, from the port perspective, using router sub-interfaces. Without VLAN support, the traffic is asymmetric.
In this case, traffic on vlan0 is sent as before, while for traffic on vlan1, the order is reversed client traffic sent on port1 and server traffic on port0. TRex divides the flows evenly between the vlans. This results in an equal amount of traffic on each port. This is default mode. Ability to generate IPv6 traffic from pcap files containing IPv4 packets. The --ipv6 command line option enables this feature. The --ipv6 switch must be specified even when using a pcap file containing only IPv6 packets.
TRex supports testing complex topologies with more than one DUT, using a feature called "client clustering". This feature allows specifying the distribution of clients that TRex emulates. There are two clusters of DUTs. Using the configuration file, you can partition TRex emulated clients into groups, and define how they will be spread between the DUT clusters.
The following example uses the MAC address. The instructions after the example indicate how to change to IP-based. The above configuration divides the generator range of clients to two clusters. The range of IPs in all groups in the client configuration file must cover the entire range of client IPs from the traffic profile file.
If none is found, TRex exits with an error message. For example, in a MAC-based configuration:. Latency streams client IP is taken from the first IP in the default client pool. Each dual port will have one Client IP. In case of cluster configuration this is a limitation as you can have a topology with many paths.
For example, in this case The folowing figure shows the topology. Latency stream will check only DUT should have a static route to move packets from client to server and vice versa, as traffic is not in the same subnet of the ports. Associate the next-hop from cluster pool. In this case In this example there TRex has two dual ports. We can use traffic mask to differentiate the ip range. The profile file is the similar to the previous one with the difference that we need to add more mapping in the cluster file.
Latency can be tested on another path in the configuration. To learn the NAT translation, TRex must embed information describing which flow a packet belongs to, in the first packet of each flow. UDP flow : Flow information is embedded in the IP identification field of the first packet in the flow. This mode was developed for testing NAT with firewalls which usually do not work with mode 2.
TRex can learn and compensate for seq num randomization in both directions of the connection. This option header is added only to the first packet in the flow. This mode can provide better connections-per-second performance than mode 1.
But for all existing firewalls, the mode 1 cps rate is adequate. The client address range is In normal mode without the feature enabled , received traffic is not checked by software.
Hardware Intel NIC testing for dropped packets occurs at the end of the test. This feature changes the TTL of the sampled flows to and expects to receive packets with TTL or one routing hop. If you have more than one hop in your setup, use --hops to change it to a higher value. More than one hop is possible if there are number of routers betwean TRex client side and TRex server side. There are no packet drops no need to wait for the end of the test.
Without this flag, you must wait for the end of the test in order to identify packet drops, because there is always a difference between TX and Rx, due to RTT. Use --hop to configure this value. Masked interfaces, to ensure that TRex does not try to use the management ports as traffic ports. If you use version earlier than 2. For an example config, you can look here. The memory section is optional. It is used when there is a need to tune the amount of memory used by TRex packet manager.
Default values from the TRex source code , are usually good for most users. Unless you have some unusual needs, you can eliminate this section. The platform section is optional. It is used to tune the performance and allocate the cores to the right NUMA a configuration file now has the folowing struct to support multi instance.
They shared the same NUMA:. The flow scheduler uses a timer wheel to schedule flows. To tune it for a large number of flows it is possible to change the default values. An experimental switch to scale up or down the number of active flows. It is not accurate due to the quantization of flow scheduler and in some cases does not work. Period in seconds between sending of gratuitous ARP for our addresses. Since version 2. Flag that specifies advanced stateful mode. Currently works as batch, WIP on adding interactive support.
Number of hardware threads to use per interface pair. Use at least 4 for TRex 40Gbs. TRex uses 2 threads for inner needs.
Rest of the threads can be used. Maximum number here, can be number of free threads divided by number of interface pairs. This requires all used interfaces to support this. YAML file describing clients configuration. Look here for details. It will not work good with NBAR as it expects all clients ip to be sent from same direction. Provide number of hops in the setup default is one hop.
Relevant only if the Rx check is enabled. Flag that specifies interactive mode. Currently used for stateless WIP adding advanced stateful to it. This is needed if TRex is connected to switch running spanning tree. You want the switch to see traffic from all relevant source MAC addresses before starting to send real data. Works only with the latency test -l option. Traffic sent is the same used for the latency test. Current limitation holds for TRex version 1. Learn the dynamic NAT translation.
Used for testing the NAT learning mechanism. Mask specifying which ports will send traffic. For example, 0x1 - Only port 0 will send. This can be used to verify port connectivity. You can send packets from one port, and look at counters on the DUT. Latency only - Send only latency packets. If set, will terminate exacly at the end of the specified duration.
This provides faster, more accurate TRex termination. By default without this option , TRex waits for all flows to terminate gracefully. In case of a very long flow, termination might prolong. Prevents TRex from changing flow control. By default without this option , TRex disables flow control at startup for all cards, except for the Intel XL 40G card.
Relevant only for Intel x stateless mode. Do not use HW counters for flow stats. Enabling this will support lower traffic rate, but will also report RX byte count statistics. Send all packets of the same flow from the same direction. For each flow, TRex will randomly choose between client port and server port, and send all the packets from this port. Meaning, we get on the same port packets from client to server, and from server to client.
If you are using this with a router, you can not relay on routing rules to pass traffic to TRex, you must configure policy based routes to pass all traffic from one DUT port to the other. Platform factor. If the setup includes splitter, you can multiply all statistic number displayed by TRex by this factor, so that they will match the DUT counters.
Enable Rx check module. Note: This feature works on the RX thread. Use sleeps instead of busy wait in scheduler less accurate, more power saving. Do not configure any hardware rules. In this mode, all RX packets will be processed by software. No HW assist for dropping while counting packets will be used. This mode is good for enabling features like per stream statistics , and latency , support packet types, not supported by HW flow director rules For example QinQ.
You can also use this mode for running TRex on interfaces which manifest themselves as ones supported by TRex, but in reality support less hardware capabilities. Drawback of this is that because software has to handle all received packets, total rate of RX streams is significantly lower. Up until v2. Now it uses multi-queue for RX and TX mainly for scale of virtual interfaces. Show debug info. Value of 1 shows debug info on startup. Value of 3, shows debug info during run at some cases. Might slow down operation.
When configuring flow stat and latency per stream rules, assume all streams uses VLAN. Wait additional time between NICs initialization and sending traffic.
Can be useful if DUT needs extra setup time. Default is 1 second. Fedora 21 Server installation. Table of Contents. Search titles only. Search Advanced search…. New posts. Search forums. Log in. Install the app. Hey Guest, I see you are not signed up on our forum yet.
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Thread starter Harford Start date Jun 4, Harford Active Member. As part of this process I am going over the tail setup. The Trex manual says the pitch slider must be centred.
The Spartan manual says for flying in rate mode, the tail blade pitch should be set at approx. If I do this, the pitch slider will not be in centre position. Many thanks. Tony Administrator Staff member. The screw is used to maintain optimal belt tension over time. Brand New Belt Drive Assembly design allow for quiet operation and low cost on serviceability. Ultilize of strengthen main gear case features in using larger bearing has a higher load carry capacity which reduces the loss of momentum and improves the fficiency, speed, and smoothness of the main rotor.
The new main gear case and all-metal central pulley transmission system is an efficient design to deliver the ultimate performance. A 19mm wide Tail Boom to improves the torsional strength. Carbon Fiber Tail Control Rod is practical and improves the helicopters tail control. The newly designed dual point supported tail control assembly delivers slop free performance while improving rudder resolution and precision. The new tail rotor holder design includes thrust bearings which increases durability, as well as significantly improving the accuracy and efficiency of the tail performance when using 78 size Tail Blades.
I've wanted a Trex heli for years and was finally able to add it my collection, it is my 3rd heli and my 1st flybarless. The setup with the MicoBeast is much easier than with just a tail gyro, since it simplifies aspects that were previously tedious mechanical adjustments.
The maiden hover went perfectly with no mishaps. The build was also much easier than my previous heli, since improvements have been made in the design.
Was expecting a month to build the heli, took my time and still had it done in 2 weeks. The only down side was the main blades were out of balance by approx 6. Shipping was on point. I couldn't believe a heli this big could fit in such a small box. I just finished the assembly and I am working on setting up the microbeast.
Freddycanfly on youtube has and entire video series for the set up and it was a huge help with understanding all the parameters. Overall I am very pleased with my purchase! I am almost done with the assembly and so far so good. I usually don't read manuals but in this case I looked up graphic and went by those pictures.
The only problem I had with the ball links for servo horns were hard to see but it could be my aging eyes. Can't wait to fly this heli. This is a great package with great electronics at a very reasonable price.
I prefer the belt drive tail but both versions work. With that said, I will add that I am not a big fan of the microbeast flybarless.
It works ok but is a little difficult to set up. So I also ordered the iKon 2 Bluetooth for the first time.
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